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Justo Gonzalo
Justo Gonzalo Rodríguez-Leal (Barcelona, Spain, March 2, 1910 – Madrid, Spain, September 28, 1986) was a Spanish neuroscientist, who described and interpreted what he called "central syndrome of the cortex" which is a multisensory disorder with bilateral symmetry, due to a unilateral parieto-occipital cortical lesion. In relation to this syndrome, the author described, among other disorders, the inverted perception disorder (visual, tactile and auditive) and the multisensory and motor facilitation. This phenomenon consists on the improvement of the perception of a given stimulus by the presence of another different stimulus of the same or another sensory system (crossmodal), and particularly by means of muscular activity or effort.
He interpreted this syndrome by developing a model of brain dynamics based on neurophysiological studies of brain injury cases and biological principles of growth.〔Gonzalo, J. (1945, 1950, 1952, 2010). (''Dinámica Cerebral'' ). Facsimil edition of Volumen I 1945 and Volumen II 1950 (Madrid: Inst. S. Ramón y Cajal, CSIC), Suplemento I 1952 (Trab. Inst. Cajal Invest. Biol.), first ed. Suplemento II 2010. Santiago de Compostela, Spain: Red Temática en Tecnologías de Computación Artificial/Natural (RTNAC) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). ISBN 978-84-9887-458-7. (Open Access ). For a recent review in English see (this article (Open Access) ).(English translation of: Suplemento I (Article of 1952) and Indexes of Vol. I (1945) and Vol. II (1950), Open Access ).〕 The model emphasizes the functional unity of the cortex and offers a dynamic solution for the functional specializations of the brain by means of functional gradients through the cortex, and scaling laws. He received awards from the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) (1941), the Spanish Royal Academy of Medicine (Real Academia de Medicina) (1950), and the Spanish Society of Psychology (Sociedad Española de Psicología) (1958).
== Early years ==
Justo Gonzalo was born and lived in Barcelona, Spain; then spent several years in Valencia, Spain; returned to Barcelona, and finally moved to Madrid, Spain, to study medicine, obtaining his bachelor's degree there in 1933. During 1933-35, he carried out studies at the Nervenklinik (mental hospital) of Vienna University, on clinical neurology and animal testing with Hans Hoff, and also on brain cytoarchitecture with Otto Pötzl, at Constantin von Economo's laboratory. During 1934-35 he carried out research on brain pathology with Karl Kleist at the mental hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, granted a scholarship by the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (Council for the Extension of Studies and Scientific Research).
It was during this time that he wrote his first works.
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